Cotton is one of the most important crops worldwide, used for producing a variety of textile products. The productivity and quality of cotton depend primarily on several factors, including water availability, soil fertility, pest control, and nutrition. Zinc is among the essential micronutrients required by cotton plants for optimal growth and development.
Zinc deficiency is becoming a significant problem affecting cotton production in many regions globally. Deficiency symptoms manifest as interveinal chlorosis, stunting, and reduced leaf and root growth. To control zinc deficiency in cotton, comprehensive management practices must be implemented.
Soil management practices play a crucial role in controlling zinc deficiency. Adequate soil testing, proper liming, and application of organic matter can help improve soil pH, structure, and nutrient availability. Applying Zinc fertilizers, such as zinc sulfate and chelated zinc, can supply the required amount of zinc to the plant roots. However, over-fertilization with zinc can lead to toxicity and other problems, so it is essential to consult with a soil expert or agronomist before fertilization.
Crop rotation can also help improve zinc levels in soil. Rotation with legumes, such as soybeans, can help improve soil nitrogen levels, which enhance the uptake of zinc by cotton. In addition, integrated soil fertility management practices such as groundwater irrigation and the use of composts and manures can increase the soil’s organic matter content, improving zinc levels and availability.
Plant breeding and biotechnology have also played a significant role in controlling zinc deficiency in cotton. Researchers have bred zinc-efficient cotton cultivars through selective breeding and genetic engineering. These cultivars have better zinc uptake abilities, enhancing their growth and development under zinc-deficient conditions.
In conclusion, zinc deficiency is becoming a significant problem affecting cotton production and quality. Fortunately, there are several ways to control zinc deficiency. Soil management practices, crop rotation, plant breeding, and biotechnology are among the effective measures. Nevertheless, cotton farmers and agronomists need to work together to ensure optimal zinc levels for sustainable cotton production.