Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or garbanzo bean, is an important legume crop grown worldwide. It is primarily grown for human consumption and animal feed. However, the growth and yield of Bengal gram can be severely affected by various diseases, including stem rot, which is caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.
Stem rot is a major disease of Bengal gram that can cause significant yield losses. The disease is characterized by brown lesions on the stem that can quickly spread and cause the stem to rot and collapse. The fungus can survive in the soil for several years and infect the crop in subsequent seasons. Stem rot can also spread rapidly in wet and humid conditions.
There are several control measures that farmers can take to manage stem rot in Bengal gram crop. These include:
1. Crop rotation: One of the most effective ways to reduce the incidence of stem rot is to practice crop rotation. Rotation with non-host crops can help decrease the fungal population in the soil and reduce the chances of infection in subsequent seasons.
2. Use of resistant varieties: Planting resistant varieties can significantly reduce the risk of stem rot infection. There are several resistant varieties available in the market, and farmers should select the variety that is well adapted to their local growing conditions.
3. Clean the equipment: Infected plant debris and soil can carry the fungus and spread the disease. It is essential to remove all plant debris and thoroughly clean all equipment before using them in the field.
4. Use fungicides: Fungicides can be used to control stem rot, especially during periods of high disease pressure. The application of fungicides should be done as per the recommendations of agricultural experts and should be followed strictly.
5. Cultural practices: Several cultural practices can help reduce the incidence of stem rot. These include planting in well-drained soil, avoiding over-irrigation, and maintaining proper plant spacing.
In conclusion, stem rot is a severe disease that can cause significant yield losses in Bengal gram crops. However, adopting proper control measures, such as crop rotation, use of resistant varieties, and correct cultural practices, can effectively manage the disease. These practices should be combined and implemented to ensure the growth and yield of healthy Bengal gram crops.