Berseem is an important forage crop cultivated in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, it is susceptible to several diseases, with stem rot being one of the most damaging. Stem rot disease in Berseem is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia trifoliorum. The disease can cause significant yield losses in Berseem, and it is essential to have effective measures in place to control it.
Symptoms of stem rot disease in Berseem crop include water soaking, shriveling, and wilting of foliage on the lower stem. The infected stems typically have small, black, sclerotia embedded in them. In severe cases, the sclerotia may be scattered all over the field, making it challenging to control the disease. The fungus can survive for many years in soil and plant debris, and it infects the crop during the early stage of growth.
There are several measures farmers can take to control stem rot disease in Berseem. Firstly, it is essential to maintain good field sanitation practices. This involves removing any infected crop residues from the field and destroying them. Farmers should avoid planting Berseem in fields with a history of stem rot disease. Crop rotation can help to reduce the incidence of the disease. Farmers should practice crop rotation with non-host crops, such as cereals, for at least three years before planting Berseem again in the same field.
Another critical step to controlling stem rot disease in Berseem is timely irrigation. Overhead irrigation should be avoided, as it can create a moist environment conducive to the growth of the fungus. Drip irrigation is preferable. Additionally, farmers should ensure that the crop has adequate nutrients to promote healthy growth and reduce stress.
Fungicides can give good control of stem rot disease in Berseem, but it is important to use them correctly. A variety of fungicides are available in the market. Among them, the systemic fungicides like Carbendazim and Fosetyl-Aluminium can give better control on stem rot disease. Farmers should consult with their local agricultural extension agents to determine the appropriate fungicides for their region.
In conclusion, stem rot disease in Berseem is a severe problem for farmers worldwide. However, with proper farm management and the application of appropriate control measures, it can be effectively managed. Good field sanitation practices, crop rotation, timely irrigation, adequate nutrition, and the use of fungicides are all critical steps in controlling stem rot disease in Berseem. Farmers should adopt these measures to ensure a healthy crop and better yields.