Apple farming has the potential to be a profitable venture if the right practices are adopted. However, among the key factors that limit apple productivity is scab and premature leaf fall diseases. These diseases cause fruit blemishes, leaf drop, and decline of tree vigor. As such, finding ways to control these diseases is crucial. Here’s what you need to know about controlling scab and premature leaf fall diseases in apples.
Scab Disease
Scab disease, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most destructive apple diseases globally. It develops in leaves, twigs, and fruits. Symptoms of scab appear as velvety olive-green or brown lesions that eventually turn black. If unchecked, the fruit exhibits corky scabs, rendering it unmarketable. Scab-infected leaves fall off prematurely, weakening the tree and making it more susceptible to other diseases.
The scab fungus overwinters on infected leaves and fruit on the ground and on the tree. To control scab disease, use resistant apple varieties where possible. Resistant varieties reduce the need for frequent fungicide sprays resulting in lower production costs. In cases where non-resistant varieties are grown, farmers need to use preventive measures such as pruning, improving air circulation, and effective fungicide application with proper timing. Removing fallen leaves around trees after harvest and pruning during the dormant season reduces scab infections.
Premature Leaf Falling
Premature leaf fall is a condition that affects apple trees especially during the growing season. It is caused by fungal infection, hormonal imbalances, environmental stresses, and nutrient imbalances. Premature leaf fall causes reduced fruit size and yield as the leaves are important for photosynthesis.
To control premature leaf fall, the first step is to monitor orchards for suspect trees and remove them before the start of the growing season. Early removal of infected areas reduces the spread of spores and other viral elements within the orchard. Maintaining optimum tree health conditions through adequate moisture and nutrient intake is important as it increases tree resistance to infections. Early detection of infections and early preventive measures from disease management programs help control and reduce the impact of leaf fall.
Conclusion
Apple farming can be an investment in the long haul if farmers take the appropriate steps to protect and take care of their orchards. Scab disease and premature leaf fall diseases are detrimental to apple production. Farmers should adopt preventive methods such as timely and proper fungicide application, pruning methods, maintaining optimum tree health, early removal of diseased trees and applications of disease management programs early in the season. The key to controlling the diseases is early detection, timely treatment applications, and effective preventive measures. With optimal disease management practices, farmers can ensure productive apple harvests and profitable farming seasons.