Control of Manganese Deficiency in Wheat (Kanak) Crop
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. It plays a crucial role in the photosynthesis process, enzyme activation, and antioxidant defense system of the plant. However, the deficiency of Mn in the soil can lead to serious yield losses and quality deterioration in wheat. Hence, it is crucial to control the Mn deficiency in wheat crop by following some effective management strategies.
Here are some ways to control Mn deficiency in the wheat (Kanak) crop:
1. Soil Testing: Soil testing is an essential step in determining the Mn content available in the soil. This helps to identify the deficiency of the micronutrient and take corrective measures in time. A soil test of Mn can be carried out using DTPA extractable method, where the Mn content is measured in parts per million (ppm). A soil test value of less than 0.5 ppm indicates Mn deficiency.
2. Application of Mn Fertilizers: The application of Mn fertilizers is an effective solution to control the deficiency of Mn in the wheat crop. Mn sulfate (MnSO4) and Mn oxide (MnO) are the commonly used Mn fertilizers. The application rate of Mn sulfate should be 25-30 kg/ha, while Mn oxide dosages depend on the soil pH level. Generally, for acidic soils (pH < 6.0), Mn oxide is recommended at a rate of 15-30 kg/ha. For neutral and alkaline soils, Mn oxide can be applied at a higher rate of 30-60 kg/ha. 3. Foliar Spray: Foliar spray of Mn solution is an efficient way to overcome the Mn deficiency in the wheat crop. MnSO4 solution can be applied in the form of 0.1% - 0.5% foliar spray. Mn chelates like Mn EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) can also be used as a foliar spray. The timing of foliar spray should be during the active growth stage, preferably early morning or late afternoon. 4. Organic Amendments: The use of organic amendments like farmyard manure (FYM), compost, and green manure can also help to mitigate the deficiency of Mn in the wheat crop. These organic amendments contain a considerable amount of Mn, which can be easily available to the crop. The addition of FYM or compost at the rate of 10-20 t/ha enhances the soil fertility and improves the Mn availability in the soil. 5. Proper Irrigation: Adequate and balanced irrigation is crucial to control Mn deficiency in the wheat crop. Over-irrigation increases soil drainage, leading to the leaching of Mn from the soil. On the other hand, under-irrigation restricts the uptake of Mn by the crop. Therefore, it is recommended to apply proper irrigation practices suitable to the soil type and weather conditions. Conclusion: Manganese deficiency is a common problem in wheat (Kanak) crop, which adversely affects yield and quality. Effective management strategies like soil testing, application of Mn fertilizers, foliar spray, organic amendments, and proper irrigation can help to control Mn deficiency in wheat. A balanced nutrient management approach, including Mn, can ensure sustainable wheat production with improved yield and quality.