Fungal diseases, commonly known as bakani in paddy crop, can cause significant damage to the production and quality of the crop. The infection can spread rapidly, leading to a reduced yield and poor quality harvest. Therefore, effective control measures such as integrated management practices and the use of fungicides are crucial to maintain paddy yields. In this article, we will discuss the measures that can be taken to control the fungal disease in paddy crops.
1. Selection of disease-resistant paddy varieties
Choosing a resistant variety of paddy is the first line of defence against fungal diseases. Many resistant varieties are available in the market, and farmers must choose the right one based on the paddy strain, growing conditions, and environmental factors. For instance, paddy varieties such as MTU 1061, IR 20, and IR 8 are known to be resistant to fungal diseases.
2. Seed treatment
The seeds should be treated before sowing to prevent fungal infections. Before sowing, treat the seeds with a fungicide such as carbendazim. This will help to prevent fungal infections during the early stages of the crop’s growth.
3. Sanitation
Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the paddy fields can reduce the spread of fungal diseases. Farmers should regularly remove any plant debris and weeds that can host fungal spores. The fields should be ploughed regularly, which allows fungus to break down, and use a healthy dose of fertilisers which keeps the soil nutrient-rich and promotes plant growth.
4. Crop rotation
Crop rotation is a good practice to control fungal diseases. Farmers can grow soybeans or groundnuts before planting paddy, which can help break the infection cycle of fungus. Growing different crops will ensure that the same crop is not grown in the same area year after year, which can reduce the risk of fungus infestation.
5. Fungicides
Fungicides can be used to control fungal diseases. Farmers can use mancozeb, carboxin, propiconazole and other effective fungicides to control the disease in the paddy crop. However, fungicides should be used strictly as per the recommended doses, otherwise they may have adverse effects on the crop and the soil.
In conclusion, effective control measures such as integrated management practices and the use of fungicides are essential to control the fungal disease in paddy crops. Farmers should follow the recommended control measures with diligence to prevent the spread of the disease and achieve a healthy yield.