Fungal attack on soybean crop can cause substantial damage and result in significant yield losses. Fungal diseases such as anthracnose, pod and stem blight, and root rot, are some of the most common diseases that affect soybeans. These diseases can be controlled through various management practices that include cultural, chemical, and biological methods.
Cultural methods involve the use of good agricultural practices such as crop rotation, proper planting dates, and field sanitation to prevent the spread of fungal pathogens. For example, soybeans should be planted when soil temperatures are between 60 to 70°F to promote rapid seedling growth and development and reduce the risk of fungal attacks. Crop rotation is another practice that helps to reduce soil-borne pathogens, with a minimum of three-year rotation intervals advised.
Chemical control is often used as a preventative measure, and fungicides are the most common mode of action. Several fungicides are available in the market, with their effectiveness depending on the type of fungi, host plant, and environmental conditions. It is vital to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations on the rate and timing of application, as well as observing the minimum pre-harvest interval before the next harvest.
Biological control is an environmentally friendly and sustainable method for controlling fungal diseases of soybeans. This method involves the use of microbial agents such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses to control fungal pathogens. Application of antagonistic microorganisms that are capable of colonizing and suppressing the growth and activity of fungal pathogens, can reduce their impact on soybean crops.
Regular crop monitoring is essential for early detection of fungal diseases and application of appropriate control measures. Soybeans should be inspected regularly to detect signs and symptoms of fungal infections such as; discoloration, wilting, defoliation, and pod/seed rot. It is recommended to contact local agricultural and horticultural authorities for advice concerning specific local problems.
In conclusion, the control of fungal attack in soybean crop requires an integrated approach, including the use of cultural, chemical, and biological methods, as well as regular crop monitoring. Farmers should adopt best management practices and observe appropriate guidelines to minimize fungal attacks and maintain optimal yield from their soybean crops.