Green gram is an important pulse crop grown in many countries, including India. It is rich in protein and provides various health benefits. However, fungal diseases can cause significant damage to the crop, leading to reduced yields and economic losses for farmers.
Fungal diseases affect green gram at all stages of growth, from germination to maturity. The common fungal diseases that affect green gram include powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot, collar rot, and damping-off disease. These diseases are caused by several fungal pathogens, including Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria sesami.
Controlling fungal diseases in green gram starts with proper crop management practices. Farmers should select disease-resistant varieties, practice crop rotation, and use certified seeds. They should also ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering the crops, as excess moisture creates a suitable environment for fungal growth.
In addition, farmers should use fungicides to control fungal diseases. The most effective fungicides for green gram include carbendazim, mancozeb, and metalaxyl. These fungicides should be applied at the right time, following the instructions on the labels. Farmers should also avoid using the same fungicide repeatedly to prevent the development of resistance.
To reduce fungal spores’ spread, farmers should remove and destroy infected plant material, including leaves, stems, and pods, to prevent the spreading of the disease to other plants. The use of organic fungicides such as neem, garlic, and ginger extracts can also help prevent fungal infection.
In conclusion, fungal diseases can cause significant damage to green gram crops if left uncontrolled. Proper crop management practices such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, practicing crop rotation, and using certified seeds can prevent fungal diseases. The use of fungicides and organic methods combined with proper sanitation practices can help control fungal diseases in green gram crops, leading to increased yields and better economic returns for farmers.