Control of Foot Rot in Paddy
Foot rot, a fungal disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the paddy crop. The disease can lead to significant yield loss and reduce the quality of the grain. The fungus infects the roots and lower stem of the plant, causing wilting, yellowing, stunting, and eventual death. Here are some measures that can help control foot rot in paddy.
1. Use disease-free seeds
Using high-quality, disease-free seeds is one of the most effective ways to prevent foot rot in paddy. Farmers should select seeds from certified sources and avoid reusing seeds from previous harvests. In addition, seeds should be treated with recommended fungicides before planting.
2. Crop rotation
Crop rotation is a way of breaking the disease cycle by planting different crops in rotation with paddy. This practice prevents the buildup of Fusarium moniliforme in the soil and reduces the risk of foot rot in subsequent paddy crops. Common crop rotations include legumes, oilseed crops, and non-cereal crops like vegetables.
3. Avoid waterlogging
Waterlogging can create anaerobic conditions that favor the growth of Fusarium moniliforme in the soil. To prevent waterlogging, farmers should avoid over-irrigation and ensure proper drainage. Land preparation, such as leveling and bunding, can also improve water management in paddy fields.
4. Fungicide application
Fungicides are an effective way to control foot rot in paddy. Farmers can apply fungicides as seed treatments, soil treatments, or foliar sprays, depending on the severity of the disease. However, it is important to follow recommended rates and schedules to prevent resistance development.
5. Cultural practices
Other cultural practices that can help control foot rot in paddy include timely weeding, proper fertilizer application, and irrigation management. These practices promote robust plant growth and reduce stress factors that make the plant susceptible to foot rot.
In conclusion, foot rot is a serious threat to paddy production, but it can be controlled using a combination of preventive and curative measures. Farmers should adopt integrated pest management strategies that include a combination of cultural, chemical, and biological methods for effective control of foot rot in paddy.