Bengal gram crop, also known as chickpea, is an important legume crop grown in many regions around the world. However, one of the primary challenges for farmers growing this crop is the control of caterpillars, which can cause significant damage and reduce yields. In this article, we will discuss some of the methods that can be used to effectively control caterpillars on Bengal gram crops.
Identification of Caterpillars:
Before discussing the control measures, it is important to properly identify the type of caterpillar that is causing damage to Bengal gram crops. Some common types of caterpillars that can attack Bengal gram crops include the Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, and Earias vittella. Proper identification can help in selecting the right control measure.
Cultural methods:
Cultural practices play a crucial role in controlling caterpillars on Bengal gram crops. The following cultural practices can be implemented to reduce the population of caterpillars:
Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is an effective cultural practice that can help in controlling pests and diseases. Rotating the Bengal gram crop with other non-host crops can break the lifecycle of caterpillars.
Soil Preparation: Preparation of soil by ploughing, levelling and mixing of farmyard manure helps in reducing the incidence of caterpillar pests by leaving no place for eggs and pupae.
Sanitary Measures: Proper removal of weeds, debris and plant residues around the field after harvest of Bengal gram reduces the chances of infestation by pests.
Biological methods:
Biological control of caterpillars is another eco-friendly method for pest management. It involves the use of natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, bacteria, fungi, and viruses that can reduce the population of caterpillars. The use of biocontrol agents like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Trichogramma chilonis has yielded good results in controlling caterpillars on Bengal gram crops.
Chemical methods:
Chemical control is often used when the infestation of caterpillars becomes severe. Chemical pesticides like cypermethrin, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos can effectively control caterpillars, but they also cause harm to beneficial insects. Care should be taken while using chemical pesticides as overuse could lead to toxic residues in food grains. Pesticides should be applied according to recommended doses and intervals, and protective wear should be used while handling these chemicals.
Conclusion:
The control of caterpillars in Bengal gram crops is essential to ensure higher yields and better economic returns for farmers. The use of an integrated pest management approach that combines cultural, biological, and chemical methods can effectively control caterpillar pests in a sustainable manner. A holistic approach is required to control the caterpillar pests and help Bengal gram crops to yield better, thereby increase the economic growth and benefit the farmers.