Blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases in the world. It is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, which can infect all parts of the rice plant. Blast disease can significantly reduce crop yields, leading to economic losses for farmers. To prevent or control this disease in paddy crop, various measures can be taken.
1. Use of resistant varieties:
Resistant rice varieties are the most effective means of controlling blast disease. Plant breeders have developed rice varieties that are resistant to the fungus that causes blast disease. By planting resistant varieties, growers can reduce the risk of infection and increase the chance of a successful harvest. Farmers can get information on resistant varieties from their local agricultural extension offices.
2. Crop rotation:
Crop rotation can help to prevent or control blast disease. Since the fungus that causes blast disease can survive in the soil, planting rice crops in the same field season after season can increase the risk of infection. Crop rotation with crops that are not susceptible to the disease can help reduce the fungus’s population.
3. Seed treatment:
Before planting, rice seeds can be treated with fungicides to protect them from blast disease. Seed treatment can be done using systemic or contact fungicides. In places where chemical treatments are not accessible, seeds can also be soaked in a solution of garlic extract or Trichoderma to reduce the risk of infection.
4. Cultural practices:
Certain cultural practices can help to control the spread of blast disease in rice crops. These practices include weed control, proper water management, and pruning. Weed control helps to reduce the spread of the fungus, while proper water management helps to prevent the development of conditions favorable to the disease.
5. Chemical Control:
Fungicides can be applied to infected plants to control blast disease in paddy. Chemical controls, applied as foliar sprays have been used to reduce the impact of the disease. However, the use of fungicides should be avoided where resistance is a problem. Also, it should be noted that only trained personnel should be allowed to handled fungicides.
In conclusion, blast disease can cause significant damage to paddy crop yields and income. The control measures suggested here, including the adoption of resistant varieties have been found effective when appropriately implemented. Remember to always seek advice from local agricultural extension officers before resorting to a specific control measure.