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Coconut trees are one of the most valuable crops across the subtropical and tropical regions of the world. However, farmers often face a common problem – the premature dropping of fruits from the trees. The loss of fruits impacts the productivity and profitability of these crops, and identifying effective control measures is critical for mitigating this issue. Here are some control measures for controlling fruit drop problems in coconut plants:
1. Regular Pruning
Pruning is an essential agricultural practice for coconut trees, and it can prevent premature fruit drop. Pruning reduces the size of the canopy, which limits the foliage’s nutrient requirements and aids in the proper distribution of nutrients to the fruits. Pruning also prevents overcrowding and allows for better air circulation, which lowers the chances of fungal infections that can lead to fruit fall.
2. Water Management
Maintaining proper water management is crucial for managing fruit drop problems in coconut trees. Overwatering of trees can lead to the loosening of fruits from the tree’s branches. Therefore, growers should monitor soil moisture levels carefully to minimize the risk of water-logged or drought-stressed soil conditions. Also, proper irrigation technique, such as drip irrigation, can help in the efficient use of water and reduce the risk of infection for fruits.
3. Adequate Nutrient Management
Fruit drop can also occur due to nutrient deficiencies in coconut trees. Therefore, developing and implementing the right nutrient management plan helps retain fruit in trees. Adding essential nutrients like potassium, boron, zinc, nitrogen, and magnesium in adequate quantities can prevent fruit drop and improve the yield.
4. Pest and Disease Control
Pests and diseases can also cause fruit drop in coconut trees. Thus, effective pest and disease management programs are critical for preventing fruit drop. Farmers should regularly inspect their crops and be aware of potential fungal infections or pest infestations.
5. Application of plant growth regulators
Plant growth regulators like ethephon play a critical role in controlling fruit drop in coconut trees. Etthephon breaks down into Ethylene and promotes the release of ethylene gas, which helps to initiate fruit abscission. Application of plant growth regulators can aid plants in retaining fruits on trees, ensuring better productivity, and enhancing the quality of the harvest.
In conclusion, fruit drop is a common problem in coconut trees. With proper management practices, farmers can reduce and control this issue. Regular pruning, maintaining proper irrigation and nutrient management practices, effective pest and disease control, and the use of plant growth regulators are some of the best control methods available to limit the fruit drop problem in coconut plants.