Control Measures of Fungal Disease in Gram Crop
Gram crop, also known as chickpea, is an important pulse crop that is popularly cultivated in both tropical and subtropical regions around the world. However, like many other crops, gram crop is susceptible to fungal diseases which may affect the yield and quality of the crop. Some of the common fungal diseases that affect gram crop include Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, root rots, and Botrytis grey mold. To control these diseases, farmers and growers need to implement effective control measures. Here are some of the control measures of fungal disease in gram crop:
1. Crop Rotation – Crop rotation is an effective measure of controlling fungal disease in gram crop. When gram crops are rotated with non-gram crops, the soil is rejuvenated and the soil-borne fungal pathogens are reduced. Crop rotation also helps to break the disease cycles and improve the soil fertility.
2. Seed Selection – Using healthy and disease-free seeds is crucial in controlling fungal disease in gram crop. Growers should select certified seeds that have been tested for seed-borne diseases. Farmers can also do a seed treatment by using fungicides or hot water treatment to prevent seed-borne diseases.
3. Use of Resistant Varieties – Planting resistant varieties is an effective measure to control fungal diseases in gram crop. Farmers can select disease-resistant cultivars that are suitable for their local conditions. The use of resistant varieties reduces the need for fungicides and minimizes crop losses.
4. Soil Management – Maintaining the soil pH between 6.0-7.5 is crucial for controlling fungal disease in gram crop. The use of organic matter, such as compost, improves soil health and fertility. Farmers should also practice proper irrigation and drainage to prevent waterlogging.
5. Fungicide Application – Fungicides can be used as a measure to control fungal diseases in gram crop. However, farmers should use fungicides strictly according to the recommended dosages and timings to avoid the risk of residues and the development of resistant fungi.
6. Cultural Practices – Cultural practices such as proper crop spacing and pruning help to reduce humidity and improve air circulation, thus, preventing the development of fungal diseases. Farmers should also practice timely harvesting to prevent the spread of diseases.
In conclusion, fungal diseases in gram crop can cause significant crop losses if left unchecked. To ensure healthy and disease-free crops, farmers and growers should implement effective control measures such as the use of disease-resistant cultivars, crop rotation, proper soil management, and cultural practices. By doing so, farmers can minimize the use of fungicides and maximize the productivity and quality of their crops.