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Coconut Nutrient Application for Over Five Year Trees
Coconut trees are known for their versatility, providing food, shelter, and livelihoods for millions of people around the world. However, like any plant, they require certain nutrients to grow and thrive. Nutrient deficiencies can result in stunted growth, weak foliage, and poor fruit quality. Thus, it is crucial to apply the right nutrients at the appropriate time to ensure maximum coconut yield. In this article, we will discuss the key nutrients required for coconut trees over five years old and how to apply them.
Before diving into nutrient application for mature coconut trees, it is important to recognize the importance of regular soil testing. Soil analysis helps to identify nutrient deficiencies, soil pH, and other soil properties that can affect nutrient availability. The results of soil testing will guide the nutrient management approach. Common micronutrient deficiencies in mature coconut trees include magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is one of the essential macronutrients for the growth and development of coconut trees. The tree’s leaves require nitrogen to produce the necessary plant proteins, chlorophyll, and enzymes needed for photosynthesis. Mature coconut trees require regular nitrogen applications, with the maximum rate of 170g tree^-1year^-1. Nitrogen is best applied in split doses, with two-thirds of the total amount applied as a basal dose and the remainder split into three doses given at three-month intervals. Organic sources of nitrogen, such as poultry manure or compost, can also be used to supplement or replace synthetic fertilizers.
Potassium
Potassium is another macronutrient essential for mature coconut trees. It helps to regulate water usage in the plant, improving fruit quality and yield. Potassium-deficient coconut trees may have leaves with brown or yellow necrosis. An excess of potassium can cause magnesium and calcium deficiencies in the tree. Thus, the optimal application rate for potassium is 150g tree^-1year^-1, applied in as many as six equal doses at monthly intervals.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is necessary for root development and flower and fruit formation. Mature coconut trees over five years old require almost 90 grams of phosphorus per year. Phosphorus must be provided two times a year, i.e. once in autumn and then at the beginning of the rainy season. Phosphate rock is one of the best sources of phosphorus for coconut trees.
Other Micronutrients
Magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese are other essential micronutrients for mature coconut trees. Magnesium is vital for photosynthesis and chlorophyll production; iron is important for proper functioning of photosynthesis process, and copper prevents premature fruit dropping. Copper deficiency often results in the death of new shoots, while manganese deficiency can cause distortion of leaves. Although much smaller quantities of these micronutrients are required, it is vital for a complete nutrient supply that recommended quantities be made available.
In conclusion, coconut nurseries and growers must pay attention to the nutrient requirement of plantations. Mature coconut trees require regular applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other micronutrients like magnesium, copper, and iron. Additionally, inorganic supplementations can also be mixed with organic sources to meet the necessary nutrient requirements of mature coconut plantations. Soil testing and analysis, along with proper application techniques, are vital to ensure the best yield of mature coconut trees while maximizing the efficiency of nutrient management.