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Title: Understanding Black Gram: Sowing Season and Varieties
Introduction:
Black gram, scientifically known as Vigna mungo, is an important pulse crop cultivated for its rich nutritional content and high protein value. It is widely grown across various regions of the world, including India, Pakistan, and parts of Southeast Asia. In this article, we will discuss the optimum sowing season for black gram and explore some popular varieties of this versatile pulse crop.
Black Gram Sowing Season:
The ideal time for sowing black gram largely depends on the climatic conditions of a particular region. Generally, black gram requires a warm and humid climate for optimal growth. In tropical and subtropical regions, it is best to sow black gram during the summer season, between March and June. The soil temperature should be around 25-30 degrees Celsius during sowing, as this ensures better germination and overall growth.
Varieties of Black Gram:
1. T-9:
T-9 is a popular variety of black gram that is widely cultivated in India. It is known for its early maturity, upright growth habit, and high yield potential. T-9 variety performs well in both irrigated and rainfed conditions. This variety has a high protein content and is resistant to diseases like powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus.
2. Pusa Vishal:
Pusa Vishal is a high-yield variety of black gram developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). It is well-suited for cultivation in the northern regions of India. Pusa Vishal is resistant to various pests and diseases, including leafhoppers, root rot, and powdery mildew. The variety has an arched growth pattern and produces bold seeds.
3. ADT 3:
ADT 3 is a black gram variety developed by the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), India. It is known for its excellent yield potential and adaptability. ADT 3 has a spreading growth habit and produces medium-sized seeds. This variety is resistant to diseases like yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.
4. TAU 1:
TAU 1, also known as WBU 108, is a popular variety of black gram cultivated in West Bengal, India. TAU 1 has a compact growth habit and produces a good yield. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew. This variety is suitable for cultivation both in irrigated and rainfed conditions.
Conclusion:
Black gram is a highly valued pulse crop due to its nutritional benefits and adaptability to various climatic conditions. Sowing black gram during the appropriate season ensures optimal growth and high yields. Understanding the different varieties available in the market allows farmers to choose those that are well-suited to their local conditions and desired outcomes. By selecting the right varieties and following best agricultural practices, farmers can maximize their black gram crop’s growth and ultimately improve their livelihoods.