Bengal gram, also known as Chana or chickpea, is an important pulse crop in India and is commonly grown as a monetary or rotational crop in many parts of the world. If you are planning to cultivate Bengal gram or are interested in learning about its cultural practices, there are a few important things to keep in mind.
Soil and Climate: Bengal gram requires well-drained loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0-8.0. The crop requires warm and dry weather, and can grow well in areas that receive an annual rainfall of 300-800 mm. The crop has better yields in areas with high temperature and long days.
Sowing and Seed Rate: The optimum time for sowing Bengal gram is between October and November in India, although this may vary in other parts of the world. The seed rate varies between 60-80 kg/ha, depending on the variety and soil type.
Nutrient Management: Bengal gram requires proper nutrient management for optimal yield and quality. The crop needs 20-25 kg N, 40-50 kg P2O5 and 20-25 K2O per hectare. You should also consider supplemental nutrient management along with organic waste and biofertilizers for higher yields and soil fertility.
Weed Management: Weed management is crucial for Bengal gram cultivation, as the crop is susceptible to competition from weeds. The commonly used methods of weed control are pre-emergence herbicides, mechanical cultivation, and post-emergence herbicides.
Pest and Disease Management: Bengal gram is particularly prone to insect and disease damage, which can result in significant yield losses. Some of the common pests and diseases in Bengal gram cultivation are pod-borers, leafhoppers, blight, wilt, and Ascochyta blight. Appropriate management measures such as crop rotation, pest and disease prevention measures, and pesticide application should be followed to avoid yield loss.
In conclusion, Bengal gram cultivation requires proper soil management, nutrient management, weed control and pest and disease management practices for higher yields and optimal quality. By following the best cultural practices, a grower can achieve better yields and profitability.