Sure, here’s an article on basal fertilizer management for blackgram:
Blackgram, also known as urad bean or black lentil, is an important pulse crop in India. It is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and is an important component of the Indian diet. However, the crop is highly sensitive to nutrient availability, and hence proper fertilization is critical for its growth and development. In this article, we will discuss the basal fertilizer management practices for cultivating blackgram.
Basal fertilizer refers to the application of fertilizers at the time of sowing or planting. It is the most critical step in fertilizer management because it determines the initial nutrient availability to the crop. Here are some important things to consider when applying basal fertilizer for blackgram:
1. Soil testing: Before applying any fertilizer, it is essential to understand the soil nutrient status. Soil testing helps in determining the nutrient deficiencies and excesses and provides recommendations for the appropriate nutrient application. Soil testing should be done at least once in three years.
2. Soil preparation: The soil should be well-prepared before sowing. It should be ploughed and cultivated to a depth of at least 15 cm. The land should be leveled, and the soil should be made lumpy with the help of a plank.
3. Type and amount of fertilizer: Blackgram requires nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in sufficient quantities. The recommended dose of fertilizers for blackgram is 20-25 kg N, 60-70 kg P2O5, and 30-35 kg K2O per hectare. The fertilizer can be applied as a combination of urea, single superphosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively.
4. Method of fertilizer application: The fertilizer can be applied by two methods: broadcasting and line sowing. Broadcasting involves spreading the fertilizer uniformly over the field, while line sowing involves placing the fertilizer in a row at a specified distance from the seed. Line sowing is more efficient as it reduces fertilizer wastage and enhances nutrient uptake by the plant.
5. Time of fertilizer application: The fertilizer should be applied at the time of sowing or planting. It should be evenly distributed and should not come in direct contact with the seed to avoid any phytotoxicity.
6. Importance of organic matter: Organic matter plays a significant role in improving soil fertility and crop productivity. The incorporation of farmyard manure or compost at the time of sowing or planting helps in improving soil structure and enhances nutrient availability to the crop.
7. Water Management: Adequate water supply is crucial for blackgram growth and development. Proper irrigation practices should be followed to ensure the availability of optimal soil moisture.
In conclusion, blackgram is an essential crop in India, and proper fertilization is critical for its growth and development. Basal fertilizer management plays a crucial role in determining the initial nutrient availability to the crop. Soil testing, soil preparation, type and amount of fertilizer, the method of fertilizer application, time of fertilizer application, organic matter incorporation, and water management are some of the essential factors to consider when applying basal fertilizer for blackgram. By following these practices, farmers can enhance crop productivity and ensure food security in India.