Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or gram, is a popular legume crop widely cultivated in many parts of the world. It is not only a significant source of protein but also plays a crucial role in soil fertility due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. To achieve optimal growth and maximize yields, it is essential to provide proper fertilization to Bengal gram crops. In this article, we will discuss the ideal fertilizer dose for Bengal gram cultivation.
Before diving into the fertilizer requirements, it’s important to consider the soil type and its nutrient status. Conducting a soil test is highly recommended as it helps determine the exact nutrient deficiencies and tailor the fertilization plan accordingly. Generally, Bengal gram thrives in well-drained loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are the primary macronutrients required for healthy crop growth. Additionally, secondary nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), as well as micronutrients like zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and boron (B), are crucial for sustainable productivity.
The recommended fertilizer dose for Bengal gram is as follows:
1. Nitrogen (N): Bengal gram has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria. Therefore, the nitrogen requirement is comparatively lower compared to other crops. However, as a general guideline, applying 20-25 kg of nitrogen per hectare is sufficient for healthy plant development.
2. Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus plays a vital role in root development, flowering, and pod formation. Applying 40-50 kg of phosphorus per hectare is ideal for Bengal gram crops. It is advisable to incorporate phosphorus-based fertilizers, such as single super phosphate (SSP), to meet the crop’s requirements.
3. Potassium (K): Potassium helps in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Applying 20-25 kg of potassium per hectare is recommended, preferably in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) or potassium sulfate.
Apart from these primary macronutrients, secondary nutrients and micronutrients should also be considered. It is advisable to conduct a soil test to determine the deficiencies and amend accordingly. In many cases, balanced fertilizers or organic manures like farmyard manure (FYM) can supply these secondary nutrients and micronutrients.
In addition to applying fertilizers, proper timing is crucial. Apply phosphorus-based fertilizers during sowing or at the time of planting. Nitrogen can be applied in two splits, with the first half before sowing and the other half as a top dressing 30-40 days after sowing. Potassium can also be applied as a top dressing during early pod formation.
It is worth mentioning that the fertilizer dose may vary based on the type of variety, soil conditions, and farmers’ experience. Therefore, it is recommended to consult local agricultural experts or follow region-specific recommendations for accurate fertilization doses.
To sum up, adequate fertilization is essential for obtaining healthy and bountiful Bengal gram crop yields. Balancing the nutrient requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients based on soil tests and region-specific recommendations will help ensure successful cultivation.