Bengal gram, also known as chana or chickpea, is an important pulse crop grown extensively in India. However, the crop is often affected by fungal diseases that can cause significant yield losses. To prevent these diseases and ensure a healthy crop, it is essential to implement effective measures for fungus control in Bengal gram.
There are several fungal diseases that affect Bengal gram, including Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, and Collar rot. Fusarium wilt is one of the most destructive diseases that affect chickpea crops and is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The disease causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves, stunted growth, and ultimately death of the plant. Aschochyta blight, caused by Aschochyta rabiei, is another common fungal disease of chickpea that causes leaf spots, blight and necrosis of the stem.
To control these diseases, it is important to adopt an integrated approach that includes cultural practices, biological control, and chemical control. Here are some effective methods of fungus control in Bengal gram:
1. Crop rotation: Crop rotation is one of the most effective methods of control for fungal diseases. By rotating chickpea crops with other crops, particularly those that are not susceptible to the same diseases, the level of soil-borne pathogens can be reduced significantly.
2. Seed treatment: Seed treatment is another crucial step in the prevention of fungal diseases in Bengal gram. Treating the seed with fungicides, such as Carbendazim or Thiram before sowing, can help control seed-borne fungal pathogens.
3. Soil amendments: Organic amendments can help improve soil health and strengthen the plant’s resistance to fungal diseases. Adding compost, green manure, and farmyard manure can help increase soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth, reducing the chances of disease infection.
4. Chemical control: In severe cases, chemical control may be necessary to prevent fungal diseases. Fungicides such as Carbendazim, Mancozeb and Thiophanate-methyl can be used to control Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, and other fungal diseases.
In conclusion, fungal diseases pose a significant threat to Bengal gram crops. To minimize the risk of infection, it is essential to adopt an integrated approach of cultural practices, biological control, and chemical control. By implementing effective measures for fungus control in Bengal gram, farmers can ensure healthy crop growth and maintain their yields.