Black gram, also known as urad dal, is a popular legume crop that is cultivated for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in India and other Asian countries due to its high nutritional value and versatility in cooking. Sowing season and choosing the right varieties are crucial factors that can affect the yield and quality of the black gram crop.
Sowing season:
Black gram is a warm-season crop that requires a temperature range of 25-35°C for optimum growth. It is typically sown during the summer season, between March and June, depending on the region and climate. In tropical and subtropical regions, black gram can also be cultivated as a rabi crop during the winter season. However, it is important to avoid waterlogging and frost during the cultivation period, as it can adversely affect the growth and yield of the crop.
Varieties:
There are several varieties of black gram that are suitable for cultivation in different agro-climatic conditions. Some popular varieties of black gram include:
1. TAU-1: This variety is known for its early maturity and high yield potential. It is suitable for cultivation in both kharif and rabi seasons.
2. Pant U-19: This variety is resistant to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew, making it a popular choice among farmers. It has a high yield potential and good grain quality.
3. T-9: This variety is well-adapted to dryland conditions and is suitable for cultivation in regions with limited irrigation facilities. It has good resistance to various diseases and pests.
4. ADT-3: This variety is known for its high protein content and good cooking quality. It is suitable for cultivation in regions with medium rainfall.
It is important to select the right variety based on the agro-climatic conditions, soil type, and farming practices of the region. Farmers should also consider the availability of seeds and market demand while choosing the variety for cultivation.
In conclusion, sowing black gram during the right season and selecting the appropriate variety are key factors that can influence the success of the crop. By following proper sowing practices and choosing the best variety, farmers can ensure a good yield and quality of black gram.