Control of fungal disease in Bengal gram crop
Bengal gram, known as chickpea or chana, is an important legume crop cultivated primarily in subtropical and temperate regions. This crop is highly susceptible to a variety of fungal diseases that can significantly reduce its yield and quality. Proper management practices and timely control measures are essential to minimize the impact of these diseases. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common fungal diseases in Bengal gram and strategies to effectively control them.
1. Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei):
Ascochyta blight is one of the most destructive diseases of Bengal gram. It causes dark brown lesions on the leaves, stems, pods, and seeds. To manage this fungal disease, follow these control measures:
– Use certified disease-free seeds.
– Apply appropriate foliar fungicides before the occurrence of disease symptoms.
– Practice crop rotation, avoiding consecutive plantings of Bengal gram in the same field.
– Remove and destroy infected plant debris to prevent the spread of the disease.
2. Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri):
Fusarium wilt affects the vascular system of Bengal gram, resulting in yellowing, wilting, and eventually death of the plant. Implement the following strategies for control:
– Use resistant/tolerant varieties.
– Practice deep plowing to bury infected plant residues.
– Avoid waterlogging and promote proper drainage.
– Apply soil amendments, such as compost and organic matter, to improve soil health.
– Use biocontrol agents, such as Trichoderma spp., to suppress the growth of the pathogen.
3. Botrytis Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea):
Botrytis gray mold primarily affects the flowers, pods, and seeds of Bengal gram. It causes a grayish-brown fuzzy mold and rotting of plant tissues. Consider these measures for control:
– Maintain good plant spacing and adequate ventilation to reduce humidity.
– Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, which can promote disease development.
– Remove infected buds, flowers, and pods promptly.
– Apply appropriate fungicides when necessary, following label instructions.
4. Powdery Mildew (Leveillula taurica):
Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and pods of the crop. To manage this disease effectively:
– Select resistant/tolerant varieties whenever available.
– Maintain proper plant spacing to ensure good air circulation.
– Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization.
– Apply appropriate fungicides as soon as symptoms appear.
It is important to note that integrated disease management practices are crucial for effective control of fungal diseases in Bengal gram. These include a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical control methods. Additionally, regular monitoring of the crop and early detection of disease symptoms will help in implementing timely control measures.
Remember to always follow the instructions and guidelines provided by agricultural experts, local extension services, and the manufacturers of fungicides. Good crop management practices, proper sanitation, and adopting disease-resistant/tolerant varieties will significantly reduce the impact of fungal diseases on Bengal gram production and help ensure a healthy and productive harvest.