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Sowing Time of Summer Black Gram Crop
Black gram, also known as urad or black lentil, is a popular crop in India, especially in the southern states. It is a high source of protein and is used in many traditional Indian dishes such as dal makhani and idli. Summer black gram is a variety that grows during the hot and dry season, and requires specific sowing time for optimal growth and yield.
The sowing time for summer black gram crop in India may vary depending on the region, climate, and soil conditions. However, in general, it is recommended to sow the seeds in the early to mid-April, after the last frost of the winter season. This will ensure that the crop receives sufficient heat and sunlight during its growth period, which typically lasts for 60 to 70 days.
Before sowing the seeds, it is important to prepare the soil by plowing or tilling it and removing any weeds or debris. The soil should also be well-drained, as black gram does not grow well in waterlogged conditions. Once the soil is prepared, the seeds can be sown at a depth of 2 to 3 centimeters, using a seed rate of 10 to 12 kilograms per hectare.
After sowing the seeds, it is recommended to apply a basal dose of fertilizers such as urea, superphosphate, and muriate of potash. This will provide the necessary nutrients for the crop to grow and develop. It is also important to irrigate the crop regularly, especially during the early stages of growth.
During the growth period, it is important to monitor the crop for any pests or diseases that may affect its growth and yield. Common pests include termites, aphids, and caterpillars, while diseases include powdery mildew and leaf spot. Appropriate measures should be taken to control these pests and diseases, such as using biopesticides or fungicides.
Harvesting of summer black gram crop typically begins around 60 to 70 days after sowing, when the pods turn yellow or brown and start to dry up. The crop can be harvested manually by pulling out the plants or by using a mechanized harvester. After harvesting, the pods should be threshed to remove the seeds, which can then be dried and stored for future use.
In conclusion, the sowing time of summer black gram crop in India is typically in early to mid-April, after the last frost of the winter season. Proper soil preparation, fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease control are important for optimal growth and yield of the crop. With appropriate care and management, summer black gram can be a profitable crop for farmers and a nutritious food source for consumers.