Fertilizer Schedule in Paddy Crop during Tillage Time
Rice, also known as paddy, is one of the most important food crops worldwide. It provides nourishment and sustenance to a significant portion of the global population. To ensure healthy and high-yielding paddy crops, farmers must follow a well-planned fertilizer schedule, especially during the tillage time. This article aims to provide valuable insights into the appropriate fertilizer application during this crucial stage of paddy cultivation.
Tillage is the process of preparing the soil for planting by tilling, ploughing, or cultivating. It is a critical step in paddy cultivation as it helps to break up the soil, improve its structure, and create a favorable environment for the growth of rice plants. Fertilizer application during tillage plays a vital role in supplying essential nutrients to the soil, promoting root development, and enhancing overall crop productivity.
Before discussing the fertilizer schedule, it is essential to understand the key nutrients required by paddy crops. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are the primary macronutrients necessary for rice growth. Additionally, micronutrients like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are also crucial for proper plant development. A comprehensive soil analysis can help determine the nutrient status of the soil and guide farmers in formulating an appropriate fertilizer schedule.
During the tillage time, it is recommended to apply fertilizers that have high phosphorus content. Since phosphorus helps in root and shoot development, its early application provides a strong foundation for the growing crop. A common practice is to apply phosphorus-based fertilizers such as single superphosphate or di-ammonium phosphate at a rate of 50 to 60 kg/ha during the final ploughing or land preparation before transplanting.
Apart from phosphorus, a balanced nitrogen application is crucial for rice crop development. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in multiple splits to ensure its availability during different growth stages. Recommended nitrogen rates range from 100 to 150 kg/ha in total, with the first application given before transplanting, the second around two to three weeks after transplanting, and subsequent applications at regular intervals during the crop’s growth. Split application minimizes nitrogen losses through leaching and enhances its effectiveness in promoting healthy vegetative growth.
Potassium, another critical nutrient, must also be applied during tillage time to ensure optimal absorption by the rice plant. Potassium plays a vital role in maintaining cellular activities, water regulation, and stress tolerance in paddy crops. Applying potassium chloride or sulphate of potash at a rate of 50 to 70 kg/ha during land preparation ensures an adequate supply of this nutrient throughout the crop’s growth cycle.
While macronutrients are essential, micronutrients like iron, manganese, and zinc are equally necessary for paddy crops. Deficiencies in these micronutrients can result in stunted growth, reduced grain filling, and decreased overall productivity. Foliar application of chelated micronutrient sprays can be done during tillage time to address or prevent deficiencies, especially in soils with known micronutrient deficiencies. The specific application rates depend on the severity of deficiencies observed in the soil or through plant tissue testing.
In conclusion, a well-executed fertilizer schedule during tillage time is crucial for the successful cultivation of paddy crops. Proper application of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and micronutrients plays a pivotal role in establishing healthy plants, enhancing root development, optimizing nutrient absorption, and increasing overall crop productivity. However, it is essential to consider soil conditions, crop growth stage, and soil nutrient analysis results while formulating the fertilizer schedule. By adhering to a well-planned fertilizer application, farmers can enjoy bountiful paddy harvests and contribute to global food security.