Black gram, also known as urad dal or black lentils, is an essential pulse crop cultivated across various regions of India. It has gained tremendous popularity not only for its rich source of protein, but also for its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, thereby enhancing soil fertility. For successful cultivation, it is crucial to understand the ideal sowing season and the different varieties available.
The sowing season for black gram depends on the geographical location and prevailing climatic conditions. Black gram is typically sown during the Kharif season, which starts from June and extends up to October. However, the exact sowing month varies from state to state in India.
In northern states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, black gram sowing begins in June-July, while in central and western states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, sowing occurs from July-August. In southern states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, sowing takes place from July-September. The sowing period also depends on the onset of monsoon and the availability of adequate soil moisture.
As for the varieties of black gram, several options cater to different regions and climates. Here are a few popular varieties:
1. TPU-4: This variety is well-suited to the northern plains and produces higher yields. It possesses resistance against diseases like powdery mildew and whitefly.
2. TAU-1: Ideal for the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, this variety exhibits resistance to yellow mosaic virus and mung bean yellow mosaic virus, which are common diseases affecting black gram crops.
3. PDB-5: Suitable for cultivation in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, PDB-5 provides high yields and possesses resistance against powdery mildew, leaf crinkle, and leaf dark-greening viruses.
4. ADT-3: Developed by the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, this variety is recommended for southern states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ADT-3 offers high yield potential and resistance to yellow mosaic virus.
5. VBN (VK)-5: Developed by the Virudhunagar Kamaraj University in Tamil Nadu, this variety is predominantly grown in southern states. It possesses resistance to yellow mosaic virus, rhizoctonia root rot, and powdery mildew.
Before deciding on a specific variety, it is crucial to consider factors such as soil type, climate suitability, disease resistance, and market preferences. Farmers can consult agricultural extension offices or research institutes for more specific recommendations based on their region.
In conclusion, the sowing season for black gram varies across India, but it generally falls within the Kharif season. Different varieties are available, each tailored to specific regions and climates. Proper selection of the variety and adherence to the sowing schedule are imperative for successful black gram cultivation. By following recommended practices, farmers can maximize yields and contribute to the nation’s food security while reaping the benefits of this nutritious pulse crop.