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Spray dose of ethral in apple

Title: Evaluating the Spray Dosage of Ethrel in Apple Cultivation

Introduction:
The use of ethrel as a plant growth regulator has gained popularity in several fruit crops, including apple. Ethrel, also known as ethephon, is commonly utilized to promote fruit ripening and facilitate efficient fruit harvesting. This article aims to explore the spray dosage of ethrel in apple cultivation, its effects on the fruit development process, and considerations for successful implementation.

Understanding Ethrel:
Ethrel is a plant hormone that is converted to ethylene upon application. Ethylene plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including triggering fruit maturation, ripening, and abscission. When applied externally, ethrel assists in synchronizing fruit ripening, allowing growers to manage and streamline harvesting schedules.

Factors Influencing Spray Dosage:
1. Fruit Maturity: The optimal timing for spraying ethrel on apple trees depends on the desired fruit maturity stage and variety. Generally, it is recommended to apply ethrel when apples have reached the physiological maturity stage, characterized by proper starch conversion, color development, and fruit firmness.

2. Cultivar Sensitivity: Different apple cultivars have varying sensitivities to ethrel. It is essential for growers to be acquainted with their particular cultivar’s responsiveness to ethrel, enabling them to adapt the spray dosage accordingly. Consultation with agricultural experts or local apple growers can aid in determining the appropriate ethrel concentration.

Recommended Dosage Guidelines:
While ethrel’s concentration may vary based on factors like apple variety, climate, and fruit maturity stage, a general dosage range of 100-150 mg/L (parts per million) has been found to be effective in promoting even and controlled ripening. However, it is crucial to follow chemical manufacturers’ recommendations and refer to the relevant local agricultural extension service for precise dosage instructions.

Application Techniques:
1. Proper Dilution: Before spraying, ethrel should be diluted with water using a calibrated measuring device. Over-dilution or under-dilution can result in inadequate fruit uniformity or excessive stress on the trees, respectively. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding dilution ratios and application volume.

2. Spraying Method: A carefully calibrated hydraulic sprayer is recommended for uniform distribution of ethrel solution. Ensure thorough coverage by spraying from multiple angles, focusing on the apple clusters. Adequate agitation during application prevents sedimentation in the spray tank, ensuring consistent concentration throughout the operation.

Precautions and Considerations:
1. Environmental Conditions: Ethrel efficacy can be influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Optimum results are typically achieved when applying ethrel at a temperature range of 15-30°C (59-86°F) and during relatively calm weather conditions.

2. Storage and Safety: Proper storage of ethrel is essential, as it degrades when exposed to heat, light, or moisture. Always follow local regulations for safe handling, storage, and disposal of ethrel containers. Wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment during mixing, handling, and application procedures.

Conclusion:
The judicious application of ethrel spray dosage in apple cultivation can significantly impact fruit ripening and subsequent harvesting operations. By considering factors such as fruit maturity, cultivar sensitivity, and optimal dosage guidelines, apple growers can harness the benefits of ethrel to obtain consistent and desirable fruit maturity for commercial success.

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