As one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world, Bengal gram or chickpea has an essential role in the global agriculture industry. There are different varieties of Bengal gram that are grown globally, each with its unique characteristics. However, the quality of the grains that are produced by this crop is influenced by several factors, including diseases, pests, and environmental conditions. To ensure that the quality of the Bengal gram crop is at its best, farmers must take specific measures to improve grain quality.
Planting and Crop Management
The first step towards improving the quality of Bengal gram crops is to ensure that quality seed is used while planting. High-quality seeds are healthier and resilient to disease, which promotes plant growth and better grain quality. Additionally, farmers should ensure that the crop is planted in well-drained soil that has sufficient water and nutrients. Proper irrigation and fertilizer management will help improve the crop’s quality, and timely weed control should prevent weed competition.
Pest and Disease Control
Bengal gram crops are known to be susceptible to several pests and diseases that usually affect the quality of the grains. Common pests that are a threat to Bengal gram crops include pod borer, stem fly, and gram caterpillar. To protect their crops from these pests, farmers should consider adopting integrated pest management practices. Such practices may involve using insecticides, neem oil, or bio-pesticides. Similarly, controlling diseases like blight, which can ruin the grain quality, is essential.
Harvesting and Storage
The harvesting process also plays a significant role in maintaining the quality of the Bengal gram crop. Adequate harvesting should be carried out at the right time when the pods have matured, and the grain has a low moisture content. Harvesting at the right time ensures that the grain is of good quality and increases the yield. Once the harvest is obtained, the grains must be dried adequately to reduce the moisture levels. Proper storage conditions should also be maintained, to ensure the grains are protected from pests and diseases and have adequate ventilation to prevent molding.
Conclusion
Improving the quality of Bengal gram crops is essential. Proper plant management practices and pest and disease control measures can ensure that the crop is healthy and the grain is of high quality. Timely and adequate harvesting and storage practices also play an essential role in maintaining grain quality. By following these best practices, farmers can improve the quality of their Bengal gram crops and get better yields, leading to more income.