Sugarcane is an economically important crop, widely cultivated for its sugar content. However, one of the major constraints in sugarcane production is stem borer infestation. The stem borer is a common pest that attacks all the plant parts ranging from the seedling stage to the mature crop.
In order to control the stem borer infestation in sugarcane crop, various methods are being used such as cultural, biological and chemical methods. One of the most effective methods is to grow healthy and resistant varieties of sugarcane. Generally, the varieties are selected based on their resistance to stem borer, disease resistance, yield potential, sugar content, and fiber quality.
Another effective method of controlling stem borer in sugarcane crop is the use of biological control agents such as parasites and predators. The most commonly used parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes has been found to be very effective in controlling the stem borer infestation.
In addition, there are various cultural methods of controlling the stem borer in sugarcane crop which includes intercropping, crop rotation, and avoiding late planting. Intercropping with legume crops such as cowpeas, groundnuts and soybeans can help to create a diverse environment that can prevent the stem borer infestation. Crop rotation can also be used to reduce the stem borer population as the pest cannot thrive in the same crop field for more than two seasons.
However, the chemical control method is still widely used. The use of chemicals such as insecticides and pesticides has been found to be effective at controlling the stem borer population when applied at the right time with proper dosage. However, it is important to note that the excessive use of chemicals and their residues can have serious implications on the environment and human health.
In conclusion, the control of stem borer in the sugarcane crop can be achieved through the use of cultural, biological and chemical methods. However, a combination of these methods is usually the best approach to achieve maximum efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance development. It is essential to follow the recommended pesticide application procedures and adhere to good agricultural practices to minimize the potential impacts on the environment and human health.