Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is vital for the growth and development of plants. It plays a significant role in numerous physiological processes, including enzyme activation, cell division, and DNA synthesis. Zinc deficiency in plants can lead to stunted growth, reduced yield, and an increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Among the essential cereal crops, wheat is especially susceptible to zinc deficiency.
There are several ways to control zinc deficiency in wheat crops. One of the most effective ways is to improve the availability of zinc in the soil. This can be achieved through the application of zinc fertilizers, such as zinc sulphate, zinc oxide, and chelated zinc. Zinc fertilizers can be applied to the soil through fertigation or as a basal application before sowing the seeds. The optimal dosage of zinc fertilizers varies from region to region.
Another method of controlling zinc deficiency in wheat includes soil amendments and soil management practices. Soil amendments, such as organic matter, lime, and gypsum, can increase the availability of zinc in the soil. Applying soil amendments with zinc fertilizers can result in a synergistic effect, enhancing the uptake of zinc by wheat. Soil management practices can also play a crucial role in zinc availability. For instance, proper irrigation practices can prevent the leaching of zinc from the soil, while adequate drainage and aeration can prevent the accumulation of zinc in the soil profile.
Improving the chemical properties of the soil may also help in controlling zinc deficiency in wheat. Soil pH is a critical factor that determines the availability of zinc in the soil. Zinc solubility decreases as soil pH increases. Maintaining a soil pH of 6.5 to 7.5 is ideal for the uptake of zinc by wheat. If the soil pH is too high, then applying sulphur-rich fertilizers may help reduce the soil pH levels. On the other hand, if the soil pH is too low, then lime can be added to increase the pH levels.
In summary, zinc deficiency in wheat crops can be prevented and controlled by several methods. Applying zinc fertilizers, using soil amendments and soil management practices, and improving the chemical properties of the soil are some of the most effective methods of controlling zinc deficiency. By implementing these methods, farmers and agricultural producers can achieve higher yields, better quality wheat, and a healthier crop.