Spring maize is widely grown in several regions around the world due to its high yields and adaptability to different agro-climatic conditions. However, one of the major challenges in spring maize cultivation is the control of weeds, which can cause significant crop losses if not managed properly. In this article, we will discuss essential information regarding the control of weeds in spring maize in standing crop.
Timing of Weed Control:
Timing is critical when it comes to weed control in spring maize. It is essential to begin weed control early in the cropping season to prevent them from affecting the growth and development of the maize crop. Generally, weed control in spring maize should begin when the crop is in the 3-4 leaf stage and continue until the crop reaches the 8-10 leaf stage. At this stage, the maize crop has fully developed, and its canopy covers the ground, reducing the chances of weed germination.
Types of Weeds Found in Spring Maize:
Spring maize is susceptible to different types of weeds that can cause a significant reduction in the yield. The most common weeds found in spring maize include grassy weeds such as barnyardgrass, foxtails, and broadleaf weeds such as pigweed, waterhemp, and smartweed. Each of these weeds requires different control strategies depending on its growth stage and mode of germination.
Methods of Weed Control:
There are several methods of weed control in spring maize. The most effective methods are chemical and mechanical weed control.
Chemical Weed Control:
Chemical weed control involves the use of herbicides to control weeds in the maize crop. Herbicides can either be pre-emergence or post-emergence. Pre-emergence herbicides are applied before weed emergence, while post-emergence herbicides are applied when the maize crop and weeds have emerged. Chemical weed control can be either selective or non-selective. Selective herbicides only target the weeds, while non-selective herbicides kill both the maize crop and weeds.
Mechanical Weed Control:
Mechanical weed control involves the use of tools and implements to remove weeds from the maize crop. Mechanical weed control methods include hand weeding, inter-row cultivation, and hoeing. Manual weeding is done during the early stages of weed growth, while inter-row cultivation and hoeing are done when the weed growth is more extensive.
In conclusion, the control of weeds in spring maize is essential for optimum yield and profitability. Maize growers can achieve effective weed control through timely and appropriate use of chemical and mechanical weed control methods. Maize growers should consult local extension services or agronomic experts for appropriate weed control strategies in their regions.