Yellowing of Wheat in Heavy Soils after Irrigation: Causes and Remedies
Wheat is an essential cereal crop that plays a crucial role in global food security. However, several factors can lead to yield losses in wheat, one of which is yellowing. Yellowing of wheat plants after irrigation in heavy soils is a common problem that affects wheat production, particularly in humid and rainy regions. This article explores the causes and remedies of yellowing of wheat in heavy soils after irrigation.
Causes of Yellowing of Wheat in Heavy Soils after Irrigation
1. Waterlogging: Heavy soils tend to have poor drainage, leading to the accumulation of excess water in the root zone of wheat plants. This waterlogging condition reduces the availability of oxygen to the root system, causing the plant to exhibit yellowing symptoms.
2. Nitrogen Deficiency: Nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient that plays a significant role in the vegetative growth and development of wheat plants. In heavy soils, the availability of nitrogen may be limited due to leaching and denitrification. This nutrient deficiency may cause yellowing of wheat plants.
3. Iron Deficiency: In heavy soils with high pH levels, iron may become unavailable to plants. Iron is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll, which gives plants their green colour. The absence of chlorophyll due to iron deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow.
Remedies of Yellowing of Wheat in Heavy Soils after Irrigation
1. Drainage: A proper drainage system in heavy soils is crucial in preventing waterlogging. The installation of tile drainage or ditches can help water to move away from the root zone.
2. Nitrogen Fertilization: Application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the availability of nitrogen to wheat plants and, subsequently, reduce yellowing symptoms. The application of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulfate can increase nitrogen levels in the soil.
3. Iron Application: In soils with high pH levels, addition of iron chelates can help supply iron to wheat plants. Iron chelates are water-soluble compounds that contain iron molecules bound to an organic molecule. These compounds increase the availability of iron to plants.
Conclusion
Yellowing of wheat in heavy soils after irrigation can cause significant yield losses and impact the global food security. The causes of yellowing are typically waterlogging, nitrogen deficiency, and iron deficiency. However, remedies such as drainage, nitrogen fertilization, and iron application can alleviate these problems. Increasing awareness among farmers about yellowing symptoms and its management can improve wheat production and minimize yield losses.