Chillies are one of the most commonly grown crops in India, and they are used extensively in cooking. However, like any other crop, they are susceptible to pests and diseases, which can lead to significant losses for farmers. One of the most common pests that affect chillies is the sucking pest. Farmers need to know how to control this pest to ensure good yields and profits.
Sucking pests are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing damage to the leaves and stems. They also secrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and other insects, causing further damage to the plant. The most common types of sucking pests that affect chillies are aphids, whiteflies, and thrips.
To control sucking pests in chillies, farmers need to adopt an integrated pest management approach. This approach involves using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods to control pests. The following are some effective ways to control sucking pests in chillies:
1. Use natural predators: Farmers can introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings, which feed on sucking pests. These predators are available in the market and can be released in the farm in sufficient numbers to control the pests.
2. Use insecticides: Chemical insecticides can also be used to control sucking pests. However, farmers should use them judiciously and follow the instructions carefully. They should also rotate the chemicals used to avoid the development of resistance among the pests.
3. Use neem-based products: Neem oil and neem cake are effective in controlling sucking pests. Farmers can spray neem oil on the plants or mix neem cake with the soil around the plants to control the pests.
4. Use trap crops: Farmers can grow trap crops such as marigold or sunflower around the chilli plants. These crops attract the sucking pests, which can be controlled using natural predators or insecticides.
5. Maintain hygiene: Farmers should maintain proper hygiene on the farm, including removing weeds and dead plants, which can harbour pests. They should also prune the chilli plants regularly to remove infected leaves and branches.
In conclusion, farmers can control the sucking pests in chillies by adopting an integrated pest management approach. They should use a combination of natural predators, insecticides, neem-based products, trap crops, and maintain good hygiene. By doing this, they can ensure good yields and profits from their chilli crop.