Rainfed maize, as the name suggests, is grown solely on natural rainfall without any irrigation support. It accounts for a significant portion of global maize production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, where the soil moisture level is adequate during the monsoon season. India is one such country where rainfed maize cultivation is widespread. There are various varieties of rainfed maize based on the purpose of cultivation, yield potential, and adaptability to local climatic conditions. In this article, we will discuss some of the commonly grown varieties of rainfed maize.
1. Dent maize: Dent maize is a widely grown variety of rainfed maize in the United States and Canada. The name ‘dent’ comes from the characteristic indentation that forms on the kernels during the maturation stage. It has a high yield potential, and the kernels are highly starchy and used for feed, human consumption, and industrial purposes.
2. Flint maize: Flint maize is another common type of rainfed maize found in South America, particularly Argentina and Brazil. It has hard, smooth, shiny kernels with a high protein content. It is used in the production of popcorn, breakfast cereals, and snacks.
3. Waxy maize: Waxy maize is a rainfed maize variety that has a high percentage of amylopectin, a type of starch. It is predominantly grown in China and used in the production of sweeteners, starch-based food products, and textiles.
4. Sweet maize: As the name suggests, sweet maize is a type of rainfed maize that is known for its sweet taste. It has a high sugar content and is grown widely in the United States, South Africa, and Kenya. It is often consumed as a fresh vegetable or processed into canned products.
5. Pod maize: Pod maize is a unique variety of rainfed maize that is grown in India. It is named after the husk that surrounds each individual kernel. The husks are used for various purposes such as animal feed, paper production, and fuel.
In conclusion, rainfed maize is an essential crop that feeds millions of people worldwide. The varieties of rainfed maize discussed above are just a few of the many types that exist worldwide. Understanding the different varieties and their uses can help farmers select the most appropriate variety based on their environment and desired yield.