Blossom-end rot is a common disorder affecting tomato plants that can result in significant yield losses. It is caused by a calcium deficiency in the fruit, which is often exacerbated by irregular watering and high temperatures. While blossom-end rot can be frustrating for tomato growers, there are several things that can be done to control it.
1. Maintain consistent soil moisture
One of the most important factors in preventing blossom-end rot is maintaining consistent soil moisture. This means watering regularly and deeply, so that the plant has access to water throughout the day. Avoid overwatering, as this can actually make the problem worse by leaching calcium out of the soil.
2. Test soil pH
Tomatoes prefer a slightly acidic soil pH of 6.0 to 6.5. If your soil is too alkaline, it may be harder for the plant to take up calcium. Test your soil pH using a kit from your local garden center. If your soil is too alkaline, you may need to amend it with sulfur or other pH-lowering materials.
3. Add calcium
If your soil is already at the proper pH, adding calcium can help prevent blossom-end rot. You can add calcium to the soil in the form of gypsum, lime, or bone meal. Alternatively, you can spray the flowers and developing fruit with a calcium solution made from eggshells or a commercial calcium product.
4. Reduce heat stress
High temperatures can also contribute to blossom-end rot by increasing transpiration rates and reducing calcium uptake. Provide shade for your plants during the hottest part of the day, and consider using a reflective mulch to keep the temperature around the base of the plant lower.
5. Choose resistant varieties
Finally, choosing tomato varieties that are resistant to blossom-end rot can help reduce the incidence of the disorder. Look for varieties that are labeled as “Crack Resistant” or “HEA” (which stands for high-early yields and abundant calcium).
In conclusion, controlling blossom-end rot in tomatoes requires a multi-faceted approach that includes maintaining soil moisture, testing pH, adding calcium, reducing heat stress, and choosing resistant varieties. With a little bit of effort and attention to detail, you can keep your tomatoes healthy and productive all season long.