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Chilli is an important commercial crop grown extensively across the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and is in high demand in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the yield and quality of chilli fruit depend on several factors, such as soil fertility, water availability, pest and disease management, and nutrient management. In this article, we will discuss the information for fertilizer dose in chilli crop.
Chilli plants require a balanced supply of nutrients to grow healthy, flowering, and fruiting. The primary nutrients needed by chilli plants are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), whereas secondary and micronutrients are needed in smaller quantities. The fertilizer dose for chilli crop depends on the soil fertility, crop stage, and yield target. The following are the guidelines for fertilizer dose in chilli crop:
1. Soil testing: Before applying fertilizers, it is essential to test the soil for its nutrient status, pH, organic matter content, and texture. Based on the soil test results, the fertilizer dose can be calculated to meet the crop’s requirement and avoid excess or deficiency of nutrients.
2. NPK ratio: The NPK ratio in the fertilizer depends on the crop stage and yield target. For example, for chilli seedlings, a fertilizer with a 30:10:10 ratio can be used to promote vegetative growth, whereas for flowering and fruiting stage, a fertilizer with a 10:30:30 or 20:20:20 ratio can be used to induce flowering and fruit setting. The amount of fertilizer and frequency of application should be adjusted based on the soil and weather conditions.
3. Organic fertilizers: Organic fertilizers, such as farmyard manure, compost, vermicompost, and biofertilizers, can supplement the chemical fertilizers and improve the soil structure, water-holding capacity, and microbial activity. They also provide micronutrients and trace elements to the crop and reduce the risk of nutrient imbalances.
4. Foliar fertilizers: Foliar fertilizers can be applied to the chilli plants during the vegetative and fruiting stages to enhance the nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. They can be sprayed on the leaves in a diluted form and absorbed by the plant within a few hours. However, foliar fertilizers should not replace the soil fertilizers but can complement them.
5. Irrigation: Adequate and timely irrigation is crucial for the absorption and translocation of nutrients in the chilli plants. Irrigation should be given based on the soil moisture level and plant water needs, avoiding waterlogging or drought stress.
In conclusion, the fertilizer dose in chilli crop depends on the soil fertility, crop stage, and yield target. The balanced supply of NPK and micronutrients, along with organic and foliar fertilizers, can improve the yield and quality of chilli fruit and minimize the nutrient losses and environmental pollution. Farmers should follow the recommended guidelines for fertilizer dose and adopt good agronomic practices for sustainable chilli production.