Bengal gram, also known as chana or chickpea, is an important crop grown in various regions around the world. It is a very nutritious crop and is widely used in cooking, especially in Indian cuisine. Bengal gram can thrive in different types of soil and is relatively easy to grow, but to achieve good yields, one must keep certain things in mind. Here is a guide on how to increase the growth of the Bengal gram crop:
1. Soil Preparation
The first step in increasing the growth of Bengal gram crop is to prepare the soil. The soil needs to be well-drained, fertile, and free from weeds. The optimal pH range for Bengal gram is 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should be plowed and harrowed to loosen it and remove any stones or debris. One can also do a soil test to determine the nutrient content and pH level of the soil.
2. Seed Selection
The next step is to select good seeds for planting. It is advisable to use certified seeds, which are genetically pure and disease-free. The seeds should be uniform in size and shape and have a high germination rate. Before planting, the seeds should be treated with a fungicide to prevent seed-borne diseases.
3. Planting
Bengal gram is typically planted between September and December, depending on the region. The seeds should be planted about 2 to 3 inches deep in rows spaced about 10 to 12 inches apart. The distance between each plant should be about 6 inches. After planting, water the seeds thoroughly.
4. Watering
Bengal gram requires adequate water during its growing season. The crop should be watered regularly, but care should be taken not to overwater, as this can lead to waterlogging and root rot. The soil should be kept moist, but not soaked. During the flowering and pod formation stages, the crop needs more water.
5. Fertilization
Bengal gram requires nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for its growth. The amount of fertilizer required depends on the nutrient content of the soil. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 4:2:1 is ideal for Bengal gram. The fertilizer should be applied at the time of sowing and then again during the flowering stage.
6. Disease and Pest Control
Bengal gram can be affected by several diseases and pests, which can reduce the yield significantly. It is advisable to take preventive measures to control these problems. One can use biopesticides and biofungicides for diseases and pests control instead of synthetic pesticides. Crop rotation and intercropping with compatible crops can also help in maintaining soil health.
7. Harvesting
Bengal gram is ready for harvest after about 90 to 120 days of sowing, depending on the variety. The crop should be harvested when the pods turn yellow and begin to dry. After harvesting, the plants should be dried and threshed to separate the grains from the pods.
In conclusion, following the above steps will increase the growth and yield of Bengal gram crops. Proper soil preparation, seed selection, planting, watering, fertilization, and disease and pest control are essential for successful crop growth and improved yields.