Soybeans are one of the most important crops that are grown across the world. They are not only a great source of protein, but also help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen which makes the soil more fertile. For these reasons, it is essential to provide the appropriate nutrients to the soybean plant for maximum growth and yield. This is where fertilizer schedules come into play.
Fertilizer schedules refer to the application of different quantities and types of fertilizers at different stages in the growth of the soybean crop. A well-planned fertilizer schedule can have significant impacts on the yield, quality, and health of soybean plants.
The following are the different stages in the growth of soybean crops and the corresponding fertilizer requirements:
1. Pre-planting: Before planting the soybean crop, the soil should be tested to determine the pH levels and nutrient deficiencies. Based on these results, the necessary amendments should be made. For example, if the soil is acidic, lime should be added to neutralize the pH. Also, if the soil is deficient in phosphorous, phosphorous fertilizers should be added.
2. Seedling stage: At this stage, soybean plants require a small amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers. A starter fertilizer containing both can be applied before or at planting.
3. Vegetative stage: Soybeans require a high amount of nitrogen during the vegetative stage to promote foliage growth. It is recommended to apply nitrogen when their leaves have expanded and roots have reached at least 6 inches deep. Potassium (K) fertilizers can also be added during this stage to help improve the plant’s stress tolerance.
4. Reproductive stage: At this stage, soybeans require more phosphorous for optimal pod formation and filling. Applying a balanced fertilizer containing both N and P during this stage can help maximize yields.
5. Maturation stage: During this stage, soybean plants mature and reach physiological maturity. Taking care not to over-fertilize, a final application of nitrogen can encourage seed filling and ripening.
It is essential to remember that the fertilizer application should be conducted throughout the growing season and at the appropriate growth stages. This can help ensure the maximum benefits of using fertilizers without negatively impacting the environment or contributing to underutilized fertilizers.
In conclusion, a well-planned fertilizer schedule should take into account the specific nutrient requirements of soybean crops at every stage of growth. An optimal fertilizer schedule can help promote a healthy and productive soybean plant crop that can yield a healthy and sustainable harvest.