Bengal gram or Chana is one of the major pulse crops grown in India. However, it is vulnerable to various diseases caused by fungal pathogens, which can significantly reduce the yield and quality of the crop. In order to ensure a healthy and high-yielding Bengal gram harvest, growers need to implement effective control measures against fungal diseases.
The following are the control measures that can be taken to protect Bengal gram crops from fungal diseases:
1. Crop rotation: Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops on the same land in a sequential manner. This helps to reduce the build-up of fungal pathogens in the soil that cause disease in Bengal gram crops. Growing crops that are not susceptible to the same fungal pathogens will help break the disease cycle.
2. Seed treatment: Treating the seeds with fungicides before planting can help to protect the crop from fungal diseases. Seed treatment is an effective way to control seed-borne fungal pathogens that infect the crop during germination and seedling stage. Seed treatment can be done with chemicals such as carbendazim, thiram, and captan.
3. Field sanitation: A clean and healthy crop environment is essential for minimizing the spread of fungal diseases. Removing infected plant debris, weeds, and debris from the field and surrounding areas can help to reduce the incidence of disease in the crop.
4. Fungicide application: In case of a serious fungal infection, application of chemical fungicides can be effective in controlling and minimizing the disease spread. Fungicides such as Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole, and Propiconazole are commonly used for controlling fungal diseases in Bengal gram crops.
5. Organic farming practices: Organic farming can minimize the incidence of fungal diseases in Bengal gram crops. The use of organic fertilizers, cover crops, and crop rotations which improve soil health can create an environment that is hostile to fungal pathogens, thereby reducing the risk of infection.
In conclusion, an effective control measure against fungal diseases in Bengal gram crop can be achieved through a combination of good farming practices such as crop rotation, seed treatment, field sanitation, fungicide application, and organic farming methods. These practices help to create a healthy and disease-free environment that promotes healthy plant growth and maximizes the yield and quality of Bengal gram crop.